Girbanic is a brand that manufactures Surge Protection Devices (SPDs). Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) are electrical devices used to protect sensitive equipment and appliances from voltage spikes, also known as surges. These surges can occur due to lightning strikes, power outages, switching of large electrical equipment, or other power grid anomalies. SPDs are crucial in preventing damage to electrical systems by diverting the excess voltage safely to the ground.

How Surge Protection Devices Work:

• Normal Operation: Under normal conditions, the SPD allows the usual voltage to pass through to the connected devices.
• During a Surge: When a voltage spike occurs, the SPD detects the excess voltage and redirects the extra current to the ground, preventing it from reaching and damaging the connected devices.
• Post-Surge: After the surge has been diverted, the SPD resets itself, ready to protect again during the next voltage spike.

Types of Surge Protection Devices:

1. Type 1 SPD (Primary Protection):

   • Installed at the main distribution panel, typically at the point where power enters the building (at the service entrance).
   • Protects against large surges caused by external factors, such as lightning strikes or power grid switching.
   • Designed to handle the highest levels of voltage surges and typically used in industrial or commercial settings.

2. Type 2 SPD (Secondary Protection):

   • Installed at sub-panels or near distribution boards.
   • Provides protection against residual surges that are not mitigated by the Type 1 SPD.
   • Commonly used in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.

3. Type 3 SPD (Point-of-Use Protection):

   • Installed close to the end devices (like computers, TVs, or refrigerators).
   • Protects against lower-level surges and is often used in conjunction with Type 1 or Type 2 SPDs for layered protection.
   • These are the power strips or outlet-type surge protectors that people often use for personal electronics.

Key Components of an SPD:

• Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV): The most common component in an SPD. It detects surges and reacts by shunting excess voltage to the ground.
• Gas Discharge Tubes (GDT): Used for high-voltage protection. These tubes ionize and conduct electricity when exposed to high voltages, thereby diverting the excess energy.
• Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) Diode: Designed for fast response to small surges, used in sensitive electronic circuits.
• Fuses: Provide backup protection by disconnecting the circuit if the SPD fails.

Where SPDs Are Used:

• Homes: Protect appliances, TVs, computers, and other electronics.
• Industrial and Commercial Buildings: Protect large machines, critical infrastructure, and sensitive equipment.
• Data Centers: Ensure continuous operation and protect critical IT equipment from voltage spikes.
• Telecommunications: Protect phone lines and equipment from surges caused by lightning or other anomalies.

Importance of SPDs:

1. Protects Equipment from Damage: Voltage spikes can damage sensitive electrical components, leading to costly repairs or replacements. SPDs prevent this damage by blocking the surge.
2. Improves Safety: Large surges, especially from lightning strikes, can cause fires or equipment failures. SPDs improve electrical safety by grounding excess energy.
3. Prolongs Lifespan of Equipment: Continuous exposure to even small surges can degrade the lifespan of electrical appliances over time. SPDs prevent this gradual wear and tear.
4. Protects against Data Loss: For businesses, especially those with data centers, preventing power surges is crucial to avoid loss of critical data and equipment.

Choosing the Right SPD:

• Voltage Rating: Ensure the SPD is rated for the operating voltage of the system it will protect.
• Maximum Surge Current: Choose an SPD based on the maximum surge it can handle. Higher-rated SPDs provide better protection.
• Response Time: Faster response times are better for protecting sensitive equipment.
• Location: Consider whether you need whole-home protection (Type 1 or 2) or specific device protection (Type 3).